This includes heavy bleeding and irregular periods. Spotting, cycles that are closer than three weeks apart can occur. Prior to menopause or following menopause abnormal bleeding can be a problem. Some of the causes are:
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Chlamydia infection
- Pregnancy
- Incorrect use of birth control pills
- Fibroids
- Polyps
- Malignancy
- Endometriosis
- Adenomyosis
- Clotting factor deficiencies
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Kidney disease
- Hormonal factors
Treatment depends on the identified cause of abnormal bleeding. Most commonly medical management is effective. In some situations D & C (dilatation and curettage) or polyp removal is needed. Endometrial Ablation, Myomectomy, Uterine Artery Embolization and Hysterectomy are some of the surgical procedures.